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Òªº¦´Ê£º²èÔíËØ  Óã¶¾»îÐÔ  Ïº³Ø  ¶ÔϺ  Ç峨¼Á

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ÎÒ¹ú¶ÔϺÈ˹¤ÑøÖ³Ê¼ÓÚ1978Äê £¬Éú³¤ºÜ¿ì £¬ÖÁ1988ÄêÑøÖ³Ãæ»ýÒÑ´ï240ÍòĶ £¬¶ÔϺ×ܲúÁ¿Îª19.9Íò¶Ö £¬¾ÓÌìÏÂÈ˹¤ÑøÖ³¶ÔϺµÄÊ×λ¡£ÔÚ¶ÔÏºÑøÖ³ÖÐ £¬³£Óöµ½Ïº³ØÄÚÒÔ¼°»»Ë®Ê±´øÈëµÄÓãÀàµÄΣº¦ £¬´Ó¶øÑÏÖØÓ°Ïì¶ÔϺµÄ²úÁ¿¡£ÎªÉ¨³ýÓ㺦 £¬ÒÔÍù¶à½ÓÄÉÓãÌÙ·Û×÷Ϊ¶ÔÏºÑøÖ³µÄÇ峨¼Á £¬ÒàÓÐÓÃÆ¯°×·Û £¬ÉõÖÁÉÐÓÐÓÃũҩµÄ £¬ÎÊÌâ²»ÉÙ¡£ÖµµÃÌá³öµÄÊÇ £¬ÕâЩҩ¼ÁÖ»ÄÜÓÃÓÚÑøÖ³Ç°¶ø²»¿ÉÓÃÓÚÑøÖ³Àú³ÌÖеÄÇ峨¡£µ½ÏÖÔÚΪֹ £¬ÎÒ¹ú»¹Ã»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖרÃŹ©Ë®²úÑøÖ³Óõ͍Ð͵ġ°Ç峨¼Á¡± £¬Òò´Ë £¬Ñ°ÕÒÒ»ÖÖ½ÏÁ¿ÀíÏëµÄÇ峨¼ÁÒÑÊǵ±ÎñÖ®¼±¡£

²èÔíËØ²»µ«¾ßÓÐÍâò»îÐÔ £¬²¢ÇÒ»¹¾ßÓÐÐÄÀí»îÐÔ £¬Óã¶¾»îÐÔ¾ÍÊÇÆäÒ»¡£É½ÌïµÈÔøÒÔ÷šÓãΪÖÊÁÏ £¬¶Ô²èÔíËØµÄÓã¶¾»îÐÔ¾ÙÐÐÁËÑо¿ £¬Ö¤Êµ²èÔíËØ¶ÔÀäѪ¶¯ÎïÓж¾ £¬Æä¶¾ÐÔÓëÈÜѪÐÔÓÐ¹Ø £¬²èÔíËØÓëɽ²èÔíËØµÄÈÜѪָÊý¾ùΪ100000¡£²è×ѱýÆÉÔÚÎÒ¹úÓÐן»ºñµÄ×ÊÔ´ £¬ºÜÓпª·¢Ç°Í¾ £¬Òò´Ë £¬±ÊÕß¶Ô²èÔíËØµÄÇ峨×÷ÓõÄÓйػù´¡ºÍÓ¦ÓÃÊÖÒÕÎÊÌâ¾ÙÐÐÁËÑо¿¡£±¾Îı¨µÀÁ˲èÔíËØ¶Ô¶ÔϺ¼«Æä¶üÁÏÉúÎ¡ªÉ³²ÏµÄ¶¾ÐÔÊÔÑéЧ¹û¡£

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¹©ÊÔ¶ÔϺ£¨Penaeus Orientalis Kishinoye£©£¨×ÐϺ£©Óɻƺ£Ë®²úÑо¿ËùÑøÖ³ÊÒÌṩ £¬Æ½¾ùÌ峤2.7ÀåÃ×£¨1.9¡ª4.7ÀåÃ×£© £»É³²Ï£¨Neanthes diversicolor£©ÀÌ×Ô½ºÖÝÍå³±¼ä´øÓÙÄàÖÐ £»¹©ÊÔÎÆçÉöy»¢Ó㣨Tridentiger trigonocephalus G11£©ÀÌ×Ô½ºÖÝÍå³±¼ä´ø £¬Æ½¾ùÌ峤3.2ÀåÃ×£¨1.6¡ª7.9ÀåÃ×£©¡£

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ÊÔÑé·ÖÁ½²¿·Ö£ºµÚÒ»²¿·ÖÉè0¡¢5¡¢10¡¢20¡¢40¡¢60ºÍ80ppm7¸öŨ¶È´¦Öóͷ£½ÓÄɵÚ1ÖÖËÇÑø·½·¨ÊÓ²ìÁ½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØ¶Ô¶ÔϺµÄ¶¾ÐÔ £¬Í¬Ê±¾ÙÐÐ³äÆøÓë²»³äÆø½ÏÁ¿¡£µÚ2²¿·ÖΪ80¡¢100ºÍ120ppmŨ¶È½ÏÁ¿ £¬½ÓÄɵÚ2ÖÖËÇÑø·½·¨ £¬Ïàʶ²èÔíËØ¶Ô¶ÔϺȫÖÂËÀŨ¶È¡£Ò»Á¬ÊÓ²ì48Сʱ¡£²â¶¨ÏîĿΪéæÃüÊý¡¢ÈÜÑõÁ¿£¨Do£©ºÍÈÜÒºµÄPHֵת±ä¡£

ɳ²ÏÊÔÑé½ÓÄÉÈÜÒº×÷Óý £¬Éè0¡¢0.5¡¢1¡¢2¡¢3¡¢5ppm6¸ö´¦Öóͷ£×é £¬Ã¿¸ö´¦Öóͷ£×ÜÈÜÒº50Éý¡£ÎªÖª×ãɳ²ÏϲÒõµÄÇéÐÎÌõ¼þ £¬¸×µ×°²ÅÅÂÑʯÊý¿é £¬É³²ÏÆÜÉúÓÚÂÑʯÏ¡£Ã¿¸×·ÅÑø10β¡£Ò»Á¬ÊÓ²ì72Сʱ¡£


 ½á    ÂÛ

£¨Ò»£© ²èÔíËØµÄŨ¶ÈÓë¶ÔϺµÄ¶¾ÐԵĹØÏµ

ÊÔÑéЧ¹ûÅú×¢ £¬¶ÔϺ¶ÔÁ½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØ¾ùÓнϸߵÄÄÍÊÜÁ¦£¨¼û±í1£©¡£ÔÚÓÃ³äÆøÒ»Ö±          ÑõÁ¿µÄÇéÐÎÏ £¬²èÔíËØÅ¨¶È¸ß´ï80ppmʱ £¬¶ÔÏºÉÆÄÜÉúÑÄ £»ÔÚ²»¹ÄÆøÊ± £¬ÔÚ±¾ÊÔÑéÌõ¼þÏ £¬²èÔíËØ¢ñ>60ppm¡¢²èÔíËØ¢ò>40ppmʱ¶ÔϺÑÏÖØéæÃü¡£´Ó±í2µÄÈÜÑõÁ¿ÆÊÎöЧ¹û¿´ £¬ÕâÖÖéæÃüµÄÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉÖ÷ÒªÔÚÓÚÈÜҺȱÑõ £¬ÓÉÓÚÔÚ¹ÄÆøµÄÇéÐÎÏÂË®ÖÐÈÜÑõÁ¿Ëæ²èÔíËØÅ¨¶Èת±äºÜС £¬¶ÔϺµÄéæÃüÒ²ºÜÉÙ £¬¶ø²èÔíËØ¢ñΪ60¡¢80ppmºÍ²èÔíËØ¢òΪ40¡¢60¡¢80ppmʱµÄÈÜÑõÁ¿ÒÑ´ÓÈÜÒºÆðʼµÄ5.5¡ª5.9ºÁÉý/ÉýϽµµ½0.3¡ª0.6ºÁÉý/Éý £¬¹Ê·ºÆðÁ˶ÔϺµÄ´ó×ÚéæÃü¡£


±í1  Á½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØ¶Ô¶ÔϺµÄ¶¾ÐÔÊÔÑé

Table 1 Toxicities of two forms of tea saponin to prawn

 £¨ µ¥Î»£ºéæÃüÊý£©  £¨Unit£ºdeath number£©

Ũ ¶È

Concentration

£¨ppm£©

²èÔíËØ¢ñ

Tea Saponin ¢ñ

²èÔíËØ¢ò

Tea Saponin ¢ò

Ç·ºàÆø

Unaeration

Í¨Æø

Aeration

Ç·ºàÆø

Unaeration

Í¨Æø

Aeration

0

5

10

20

40

60

80

0

0

0

0

0

10**

10

1

2

0

2

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

9

10

10

1

1

0

2

6*

1

1

*    ¾Ö²¿ÆøÂ·¹ÊÕÏ £¬Î´Í¨Æø

* *  8ËÀ2²Ð

×¢£º48СʱÊÓ²ìЧ¹û

   *  Unaeration  because  of  the  breakdawn  of  the  aerating  system

   * * 8  killed  and  2  injured

Note£ºResults  of  the  experiment  for  48  hours


±í2  ²î±ð´¦Öóͷ£48СʱÄÚµÄÈÜÑõÁ¿×ª±ä

Table 2   Change  of  dissolved  oxygen  content  with  different   treatments  within  48  hours £¨Unit £ºml/L£©


Ũ¶È

Concentration

£¨ppm£©

²èÔíËØ¢ñ

Tea Saponin ¢ñ

²èÔíËØ¢ò

Tea Saponin ¢ò

Ç·ºàÆø

Unaeration

Í¨Æø

Aeration

Ç·ºàÆø

Unaeration

Í¨Æø

Aeration

0

5

10

20

40

60

80

4.6

4.0

3.2

2.4

1.3

0.6

0.3

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.5

5.6

5.8

5.8

4.6

4.0

3.0

2.9

0.3

0.3

0.3

5.9

5.6

5.7

5.7

¡ª

5.8

5.8



ΪѰÕÒÔÚÖª×ãÈÜÑõÁ¿Ìõ¼þÏ £¬²èÔíËØ¶Ô¶ÔϺµÄÈ«ÖÂËÀŨ¶È £¬½«ÓÃҩŨ¶ÈÌá¸ßµ½120ppm £¬Éè80¡¢100¡¢120ppm3×é´¦Öóͷ£ £¬¾­48СʱÊÓ²ì £¬80Óë100ppmµÄÊÇ8»î2ËÀ £¬120ppmµÄÊÇ5»î5ËÀ £¬¾ùδµÖ´ïÈ«ÖÂËÀ¡£µ«´ÓÉú³¤×´Ì¬À´¿´ £¬100Óë120ppm2×éÖÐ×ÐϺÀÁ¶¯²»½øÊ³ £¬ËµÃ÷´ËʱÒÑÓÐÖж¾Ö¢×´¡£

×ÛÉÏËùÊö £¬¶ÔϺ¶ÔÁ½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ¿¹¶¾ÐÔ×÷Óà £¬×ÝÈ»ÔÚ²»¹ÄÆøµÄÑøÖ³Ìõ¼þÏ £¬Ê¹ÓÃÇ徲Ũ¶ÈÒà>10ppm¡£

£¨¶þ£©²èÔíËØ¶Ôɳ²ÏµÄ¶¾ÐÔÊÔÑé

ɳ²ÏÓֽк£òÇò¾ £¬ÆÜÓÚ³±¼ä´ø»òϺ³Øµ×²¿ÓÙÄàÖÐ £¬ÊǶÔϺµÄÖ÷Òª¶üÁÏÉúÎɳ²ÏÔÚ·ÖÀàÉÏÊô»·½Ú¶¯Îï £¬µ«ËüÓëÓãÀà¾ßÓÐÏà֮ͬ´¦ £¬ÆäѪҺÖк¬ÓÐѪºìϸ°û¡£

ÊÔÑéЧ¹ûÅú×¢ £¬²èÔíËØ¶Ôɳ²ÏÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ¶¾ÐÔ £¬±í3ö¾ÙÁË0¡¢0.5¡¢3¡¢5ppm4¸ö´¦Öóͷ£×éµÄÊÓ²ìЧ¹û£¨ÆäÖÐ1¡¢2ppm´¦Öóͷ£Óë±ÈÕÕ×éÒ»Ñù £¬Ã»ÓÐÒ쳣δÁÐÈ룩ÆðÔ´¿´³ö²èÔíËØ¶Ôɳ²ÏµÄÖÂËÀŨ¶È´óÓÚ3ppm¡£ÊÔÑéÖл¹·¢Ã÷ £¬½«Öж¾éæÃüµÄɳ²ÏÎ¹ÑøÓãÀ༰¶ÔϺ £¬Î´·¢Ã÷Óв»Á¼µÄÓ°Ïì¡£


±í3  ²èÔíËØ¶Ôɳ²ÏµÄ¶¾ÐÔÊÔÑé

Table  3  Toxicity  tea  saponin  to  clam  worm

£¨µ¥Î»£º´æ»îÊý £¬Unit£ºNo.  of  survival£©


Ũ¶È(ppm)

Concentration

3h

21h

24h

45h

72h

0

0.5

3

5

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

8

10

9*

10

8**

10

9

9

0***

10

9

9

0



*  1ÌõéæÃüΪÊÜÉ˶ÏÁÑÕß

* *  ÑÏÖØÖж¾,Ìå±í×îÏÈÍÊÉ«

* * *  ³Ê͸Ã÷×´,²¿·ÖÒѽâÌå

*  1  die  of  injury

* *  Seriouly  poisoned  and  faded

* * *  Transparent  and  disintegrated

(Èý)²èÔíËØ¶¾ÐԵijÖЧÐÔÊÓ²ì

ÊÔÑéÒÔ¶Ô²èÔíËØ¶¾ÐÔÃô¸ÐÐÔ½ÏÇ¿µÄÎÆçÉöy»¢ÓãΪÖÊÁÏ £¬½ÓÄÉ·ÅÑøÓãÃçµÄ²½·¥ £¬¼´Í¶Ò©ºó¾àÀëһ׼ʱ¼äͶ·ÅÓãÃç¡£²èÔíËØ¢ñÉè0.5¡¢1¡¢2¡¢3ºÍ5ppmºÍ²èÔíËØ¢òÉè0.7¡¢0.8¡¢1ºÍ5ppmµÈ9ÖÖ²î±ðŨ¶È´¦Öóͷ£ £¬Ò»Á¬5Ìì £¬ÌìÌì·ÅÓ㡣Ч¹ûÅú×¢ £¬Á½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØÔÚ5ppmÒÔÄÚʱ £¬ÔÚͶҩºóµÄµÚ2Ì죨¼´24Сʱ×óÓÒ£© £¬¾ù±£´æÓж¾ÐÔ £¬µ«µ½40СʱÒÔºó £¬¶¾ÐÔÒÑϽµÖÁ²»ÔÙÒýÆðÓãÖж¾éæÃü £¬¼´ËµÃ÷²èÔíËØµÄÓã¶¾»îÐÔÔÚ×ÔÈ»ÇéÐÎÖÐÄÜ×ÔÐнµ½â £¬ÕâÔÚʹÓÃÇå¾²ÐÐÐÔºÍÇéÐα £»¤µÈ·½Ãæ¾ßÓÐÖ÷ÒªÒâÒå¡£


ÌÖ     ÂÛ

ÔÚ²»¹ÄÆøÌõ¼þÏ £¬¶ÔϺ·ÅÑø48Сʱºó £¬µ±²èÔíËØ¢ñÁè¼Ý40ppm¡¢²èÔíËØ¢ò´óÓÚ60ppm¡¢ÈÜÑõÁ¿½µÖÁ1.3ºÁÉý/ÉýÒÔÏÂʱ £¬·ºÆðÁ˶ÔϺµÄÑÏÖØéæÃü £¬¶øÔÚ¹ÄÆøµÄÌõ¼þÏÂéæÃüÔòºÜÉÙ £¬ËµÃ÷éæÃüÔµ¹ÊÔ­Óɲ»ÍêÈ«ÊDzèÔíËØ¶¾ÐÔËùÖ £¬¶øÖ÷ÒªÊÇË®ÖÐȱÑõÖ®¹Ê¡£Ë®ÖÐÈÜÑõÁ¿µÍÓÚ1.3ºÁÉý/ÉýʱӰÏì¶ÔϺÉúÑĵÄÕâһЧ¹û £¬ÓëÈÕ±¾½ñ¾®ÕÉ·òÊÔÑéЧ¹ûÒ»Ö¡£

Ë®ÖÐÈÜÑõÁ¿½µµÍµÄÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉ £¬ÆäÒ»ÊǶÔϺÉú³¤ÖкÄÑõËùÖ £¬Èç±ÈÕÕ×é 48СʱºóË®ÖÐÈÜÑõÁ¿´Ó5.8ºÁÉý/ÉýϽµÖÂ4.6ºÁÉý/Éý £»Æä¶þÈÜÑõÁ¿ÊÇËæ²èÔíËØÅ¨¶ÈµÄÌá¸ß¶øÏ½µµÄ£¨±í2£© £¬Õâ´ÓÁ½ÖÖÐͺŲèÔíËØ100ppmË®ÈÜÒº°²ÅÅÀú³ÌÖÐÈÜÑõÁ¿µÄת±ä²â¶¨Ð§¹ûҲ֤ʵÁËÕâÒ»µã£º±ÈÕÕ×é¾­32СʱÆäÈÜÑõÁ¿½ö´Ó7.1ºÁÉý/Éý £¬¶ø´¦Öóͷ£×éµÄÈÜÑõÁ¿Ôò´Ó7.3ºÁÉý/ÉýϽµ2.5¡ª3.3ºÁÉý/Éý¡£µ«´Ó±í2¿´³ö £¬²èÔíËØµÄÕâÖÖ×÷ÓÃÔÚ10ppmÒÔÄÚ²¢²»ÏÔ×Å £¬ËäÓжÔÏºÑøÖ³ £¬¾­48СʱÆäÈÜÑõÁ¿ÈÔÄܼá³Ö3¡ª3.3ºÁÉý/Éý¡£Òò´Ë £¬ÔÚ¾ÙÐиßŨ¶ÈÊÔÑéʱ £¬Ó¦×¢Öؼá³ÖË®ÖÐÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÈÜÑõÁ¿¡£

ÖÁÓÚ²èÔíËØÈÜÒº¶¾ÐÔ½µ½âµÄÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉ £¬¿ÉÄÜÓ뺣ˮµÄËá¼î¶ÈÓйØ¡£´Ó²â¶¨¼Í¼À´¿´£¨±í4£© £¬º£Ë®pHÖµÔÚ8.0×óÓÒ £¬³Ê΢¼îÐÔ £¬ÂÔÊܲèÔíËØÅ¨¶È¼°°²ÅÅʱ¼äµÄÓ°Ïì £¬µ«Ó°ÏìÉõ΢¡£ÔÚ¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏ £¬²èÔíËØ²»ºÜÎÈ¹Ì £¬ß°ÔªÓëÓлúËáÖ®¼äµÄõ¥¼ü¶ÏÁÑÆÊÎö³ÉÔ­Ôí²Ý¾«´¼¡ªAºÍÓлúËá £¬¶¾ÐÔÒ²ËæÖ®ÏûÊÅ¡£É½ÌïµÈÈ˵ÄÊÔÑéҲ֤ʵÁËÕâÒ»µã¡£ÖÁÓڽⶾµÄÕæÊµÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉ £¬ÉÐÓдý½øÒ»²½Ñо¿¡£ÕâÖÖ×ÔÐнµ½âµÄÌØÕ÷ £¬¶ÔÇéÐα £»¤ÊÇÓÐÀûµÄ¡£


±í4  ²î±ðŨ¶ÈµÄ²èÔíËØº£Ë®ÈÜÒº°²ÅÅÀú³ÌÖеÄpHֵת±ä

Table 4 Changes of the PH values of the sea waters treated with  different concentrations of tea saponin during the course of laying up

 

²èÔíËØ¢ñ  Tea  saponin ¢ñ

²èÔíËØ¢ò  Tea  saponin ¢ò

Ũ¶È£¨ppm£©

Concentration

0h

24h

48h

96h

Ũ¶È£¨ppm£©

Concentration

0h

24h

48h

96h

0

5

10

20

40

60

80

8.05

8.10

8.10

8.12

8.10

8.05

7.90

8.40

8.10

7.80

7.70

7.60

7.30

7.80

8.20

8.00

7.80

8.00

7.90

7.60

7.60

8.00

7.90

7.80

7.90

7.90

7.90

7.80

0

5

10

20

40

60

80

8.05

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.10

8.05

7.95

8.40

8.20

7.40

7.60

7.65

7.80

7.60

8.20

8.05

8.00

8.00

7.80

8.00

8.00

8.00

7.90

8.00

7.90

7.90

7.60

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